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The Weimar republic With the November revolution in 1918 and the constitution of the Weimar republic in 1919 all men and women received the same civil rights and responsibilities. With it – at least legally – the emancipation of jewish women was laid down. The political emancipation of all Jews achieved did not follow the social equalization because the nationalistic and anti-Semitic tendency from the 19th century continued. Through the revolution of 1918 the middle classes of Hamburg lost a part of their political influence and rapidly accepted the fact, that the Jews were the champions of the revolution. This point of view was supported by the fact that with the strongly fought democratic parties by the middle classes who were accepted as citizens, some Jews also reached the senate and higher offices of state. In this way Hamburg became a centre of anti semitism which spread quickly throughout the unions, in schools and the churches. The democrats were so involved with the solution of the overall political problems, that they did not oppose efforts firmly enough by the juvenile hostility. In fact, no large organization in the Weimar republic interceded for the Jews, but they found a backing in their increasing isolation with many individuals. At the same time, they widened their various social activities to include economic learning and language courses as well as in the world of sports. Jewish professors were active in the Colonial Institute which already existed in 1908. The international reputation of the Hamburg University founded in 1919 was then in the 1920´s determined amongst others by the lawyer Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy, the Art Historian Erwin Panofsky and the physician Otto Stern. With the philosopher Ernst Cassirer in 1929/30 a Jew became rector of a German university for the first time. The library of scientific culture which was installed by Aby M. Warburg achieved an important meaning. Jews in Hamburg - The arrival of the first Jews in Hamburg - Enlightment and emancipation - Jews in the german empire - Jews and the Weimar Republic - Persecution and the holocaust under the national socialist leadership - Jewish Schools - Jews and business in Hamburg - Living conditions and Jewish residential areas - The Synagogue
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